Veliko Turnovo is one of the oldest cities in Bulgaria, with a history that stretches back more than five thousand years, according to archaeological finds. The upsurge of Veliko Turnovo is related to the period of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393). In 1185 the town was declared capital of the restored Bulgarian State. After its selection to be a capital, the town developed fast, and from the 12th - 14th century it was the most secure fortress in Bulgaria, as well as a cultural and intellectual centre.